Evaluation of the potential for transmission of coronavirus disease via saliva: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim: One of the main factors that play a pivotal role in the transmission of COVID-19 from human to human is saliva; according to the subject's importance, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential of transmission via the saliva of coronavirus disease. Methods: PubMed, ISI, Embase, Scopus, Medicine have been used until September 2020 to search for articles. Therefore, EndNote X9 used to manage electronic resources. A 95% confidence interval (CI) effect size, fixed effect model, Inverse-variance methods have been calculated. The positive rate of SARS-CoV2 assessed with meta analysis. To deal with potential heterogeneity, random effects were used, and I2 showed heterogeneity. I2 values above 50% signified moderate-to-high heterogeneity. The Meta-analysis has been evaluated with Stata/MP v.16 (the fastest version of Stata) statistical software. Results: According to the study's purpose, in the initial search with keywords, 19 articles were found, the full text of 3 studies was reviewed, and finally, three studies were selected. The positive rate of SARS-CoV2 was 86% (86%; 95% CI 67 %-100%). Conclusion: saliva can be a non-invasive specimen type for diagnosis of COVID-19. Dentists should be aware that saliva plays a major role in the transmission of COVID-19 from human to human, and failure to follow prevention protocols can contaminate them

The impact of Distinctive Root Canal Instrumentation Systems on Endotoxin Lessening from the Root Canal: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the impact of distinctive instrumentation systems of the root canals on the endotoxin lessening through the root canals. Material and Methods: From the electronic databases, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI, Google Scholar have been used to perform a systematic literature review between 2015 and 2020. Therefore, a software program (Endnote X9) has been utilized for managing electronic titles. Searches were performed with keywords, "root canal," "instrumentation," "endotoxin," "root canal preparation," "biofilm" "endodontics," and "lipopolysaccharide." This systematic review has been conducted on the basis of the key consideration of the PRISMA Statement-Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Results: Hence, 163 potentially important abstracts and research topics have been discovered by electronic searches and three studies (3 RCTs) have been included. According to the outputs, any statistically significant differences have been not found between the rotary files and reciprocation (SMD 0.51, 95% CI [0.11, 0.90], p=0.011) (I2 = 49.5%; p=0.138). Conclusion: Analyses indicated that instrumentation methods decreased the content of endotoxin from the root canals.